What is CUPS?
CUPS is the architectural principle in 5G (and evolved 4G) that decouples the control plane (signalling and session management) from the user plane (data forwarding). This separation allows the user plane to be deployed at the network edge — closer to users — while control functions remain centralised, enabling ultra-low latency and edge computing (MEC).
How Does CUPS Work?
In 5G, CUPS is inherent: the AMF/SMF handle control plane, and the UPF handles user plane. They communicate via the N4 interface using the PFCP (Packet Forwarding Control Protocol). The UPF receives forwarding rules from the SMF and independently handles all data traffic, enabling independent scaling and flexible placement.
Use Cases
Edge computing (MEC) deployments where UPF is co-located with the base station, low-latency uRLLC applications, local traffic breakout for enterprise private networks, independent scaling of control vs. user plane capacity.
3GPP / Standards Reference
3GPP TS 23.501 (Architecture), TS 29.244 (N4 Interface / PFCP Protocol)
Related Terms
SMF | UPF | AMF | MEC | uRLLC | Network Slicing
Learn More
This glossary entry is part of the 5GWorldPro Complete 5G Glossary. To go deeper into 5G architecture and technology, explore our 5G Training courses.
