What is MIMO?
MIMO is an antenna technology that uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve wireless communication performance. Depending on configuration, MIMO can increase data throughput (spatial multiplexing), improve reliability (diversity), or extend range (beamforming gain). It is the foundation of all modern 4G and 5G radio systems.
How Does MIMO Work?
MIMO exploits multipath propagation — signals arriving via multiple reflective paths that would normally cause interference are now treated as independent channels. In spatial multiplexing mode, multiple independent data streams are transmitted simultaneously. In 5G NR, MIMO scales from 2×2 (entry-level UEs) to Massive MIMO with 64 or more base station antenna elements (64T64R).
Use Cases
Core technology in all 4G LTE (up to 8×8 MIMO) and 5G NR (up to Massive MIMO with 64T64R) networks. Also used in Wi-Fi (802.11n/ac/ax) and fixed broadband.
3GPP / Standards Reference
3GPP TS 38.211 (Physical Channels), TS 38.214 (Multi-antenna Procedures)
Related Terms
Massive MIMO | MU-MIMO | SU-MIMO | Beamforming | CSI
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This glossary entry is part of the 5GWorldPro Complete 5G Glossary. To go deeper into 5G architecture and technology, explore our 5G Training courses.
