What is OTA?
Over-the-Air (OTA) testing evaluates the RF performance of wireless devices through the radio interface without physical cable connections. OTA testing is mandatory for all 5G FR2 (mmWave) UEs and base stations, because mmWave phased array antennas are integrated into the device and have no external RF connectors.
How Does OTA Work?
OTA tests are performed in calibrated anechoic chambers that absorb all reflected RF signals. Three 3GPP-approved FR2 OTA test methods exist: Direct Far-Field (DFF) — device placed at the far-field distance of the test antenna; Indirect Far-Field (IFF) using a Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR) — a reflector system that creates a plane-wave zone at short distances; and Near-Field to Far-Field Transform (NFTF). Measured parameters include EIRP, EIS (Effective Isotropic Sensitivity), and TRP (Total Radiated Power).
Use Cases
FR2 UE conformance testing for network certification, mmWave base station type approval for regulatory compliance, antenna pattern characterisation.
3GPP / Standards Reference
3GPP TS 38.521-2 (FR2 UE Conformance Testing), TS 38.141-2 (FR2 BS Conformance Testing)
Related Terms
EIRP | CATR | DFF | IFF | FR2 | mmWave
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This glossary entry is part of the 5GWorldPro Complete 5G Glossary. To go deeper into 5G architecture and technology, explore our 5G Training courses.
