Latency
What is Latency? In 5G networks, latency is the time delay for a data packet to travel from source to destination (one-way) or make a
Layer 1
What is Layer 1? Layer 1 is the Physical Layer in the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) reference model. It governs the transmission of raw data
Layers 2/3
What is Layers 2/3? Layers 2 and 3 in the OSI model correspond to the Data Link Layer and the Network Layer respectively. In 5G
Layers 4-7
What is Layers 4-7? Layers 4 through 7 of the OSI model comprise the Transport (Layer 4), Session (Layer 5), Presentation (Layer 6), and Application
LO – Local oscillator
What is LO? A LO (Local Oscillator) is an electronic circuit that generates a stable sinusoidal signal at a specific frequency, used in radio transceivers
LoS – Line of sight
What is LoS? LoS (Line of Sight) refers to a propagation condition where the transmitter and receiver have a clear, unobstructed direct path between them.
Low Band
What is Low Band? Low Band refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum below 1 GHz used for cellular communications. In 5G NR, low-band
LTE (Long-Term Evolution)
What is LTE? LTE is the 4G mobile broadband standard developed by 3GPP (Release 8, 2008), delivering peak downlink speeds of 300 Mbps (LTE-Advanced: 1
LTE-A (Long-Term Evolution-Advanced)
What is LTE-A? LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) is the evolution of LTE standardised in 3GPP Release 10 that met the ITU’s IMT-Advanced requirements for true 4G performance.
LTE-Advanced – Long-term Evolution Advanced
Also known as “LTE Release 10,” LTE-A is one of the two mobile communication platforms officially designated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the
LTE-Advanced Pro
What is LTE-Advanced Pro? LTE-Advanced Pro (also marketed as 4.5G or pre-5G) is the designation for 3GPP Releases 13 and 14, representing the most advanced
LTE-LAA – Long-term Evolution Licensed Assisted Access
What is LTE-LAA? LTE-LAA (Licensed Assisted Access) is an LTE-Advanced Pro feature defined in 3GPP Release 13 that enables mobile operators to aggregate licensed LTE
