SoftBank Showcases 5G/6G Terahertz Links for Connected Cars

SoftBank has successfully demonstrated outdoor coverage for connected cars using its proprietary antenna technologies under “Beyond 5G/6G terahertz” conditions. This achievement addresses the growing need for 5G/6G Terahertz Links for Connected Cars in real-world scenarios. Previously, terahertz communication was thought to be suitable primarily for Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) or Near Field Communication due to its propagation loss. However, in this field trial, SoftBank confirmed the reliability of terahertz communication for connected cars. It worked even beyond line of sight. To address the challenges associated with using terahertz beams, such as power dispersion, SoftBank conducted a verification experiment to establish terahertz coverage specifically for vehicles. In particular, 5G/6G Terahertz Links for Connected Cars were at the center of this initiative. The experiment limited the communication area to roadways. Consequently, this approach minimizes power dispersion and extends the communication area for vehicles in outdoor environments.

Traditional base stations use high-gain sector antennas that transmit radio waves with a wider horizontal pattern and a narrower vertical beam. This can lead to a weaker receiving signal closer to the macro base station compared to slightly further distances. To address this issue for vehicle-oriented terahertz wireless communication, SoftBank created a communication area with narrower horizontal coverage and wider vertical coverage. Furthermore, these design choices are optimized for 5G/6G Terahertz Links for Connected Cars to ensure performance. Therefore, this ensures stable connectivity along the traffic direction.

#### Antenna Technology

SoftBank utilized the characteristics of a cosecant squared beam pattern, a technique used in aviation radar. This pattern ensures a constant power level at both the base station and the terminal, regardless of the horizontal distance between antennas with different heights. To achieve this in communication, SoftBank developed a proprietary cosecant pattern antenna for both the base station and the terminal. As a result, this allows for high antenna gain and constant power reception. The shorter wavelength of terahertz waves enabled the development of compact antennas measuring 1.5cm × 1.3cm × 1.0cm for base stations. At the same time, terminal antennas measure 1.5cm × 1.3cm × 1.5cm. Notably, the advancement of compact antennas is crucial for 5G/6G Terahertz Links for Connected Cars in urban areas.

SoftBank conducted the outdoor field trial near its headquarters in Minato-ku, Tokyo, testing 5G signals transmitted at 300 GHz using the cosecant antenna. A base station was set up on a pedestrian deck 10 meters above the ground. It transmitted signals to a measurement vehicle equipped with a corresponding antenna and conversion equipment. The vehicle, driving at speeds up to 30 km/h, measured the signal along a 140-meter stretch of road. Accordingly, this confirmed stable reception and demodulation throughout the trial. In summary, the test provided real-world evidence supporting 5G/6G Terahertz Links for Connected Cars. Although the distance was limited, the results indicated potential for longer coverage.